seedlings derived from strains or varieties
optimum seedling age 45-60 days
seed color evenly
uncontaminated seeds
not overgrown mushrooms
8. Incubation (mycelium growth period)Done by storing at room incubation with certain conditions. Incubation is carried out until all uniformly white media, the media will usually appear white evenly between 40-60 days.
9. Harvest
a. Determination of the time of harvestHarvesting
is done after the growth of the fungus reaches the optimal level,
harvesting is usually performed 5 days after the candidate grow
mushrooms. Harvesting should be done in the morning to preserve freshness and mempermudak marketing.
b. Mechanical harvestingHarvesting should be done by removing the whole family to the roots to avoid the presence of mushroom roots or stems are left. The
existence of the fungus that remains can rot so can result in damage to
the media, and even can damage the growth of other fungi.
c. Post-harvest handlingMushrooms
that have been harvested not need to be cut up into sections partially
hood, but only need to be cleaned the dirt on the roots only. That way, in addition to clean more awake, keep mildew resistance would be much longer.
Minggu, 16 Desember 2012
The ingredients were weighed according
MixingThe
ingredients were weighed according to the needs of sawdust mixed with
subsequent flushing with water about 50-60% or when we lump the powder
clumping but not out of the water. This indicates the water content is enough.
4. CompostingIs the process of weathering material done by membunbun sawdust and covered with plastic
5. Wrapping (manufacture baglog)Wrapping use plastic polypropylene (PP) to the required size, how to wrap that by inserting media into the plastic and then struck / crushed into a solid with a bottle or using a filler (compactor) and then stored
6. SterisasiDone by using the tool sterilizer aimed inactivate microbes, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts that can interfere with the growth of fungi that are planted. Sterilization was carried out at 90-1000C for 12 hours.
7. Inoculation (provision of seeds)Activity is put into the medium mushroom seeds of fungi have been sterilized. Baglog drained for 1 night after sterilization, and then we take the seeds and planted thereon by means tablespoon / scoop the seeds around + 3 tablespoons then tied up with rubber and covered with cotton.
Good seed are:
4. CompostingIs the process of weathering material done by membunbun sawdust and covered with plastic
5. Wrapping (manufacture baglog)Wrapping use plastic polypropylene (PP) to the required size, how to wrap that by inserting media into the plastic and then struck / crushed into a solid with a bottle or using a filler (compactor) and then stored
6. SterisasiDone by using the tool sterilizer aimed inactivate microbes, bacteria, fungi, and yeasts that can interfere with the growth of fungi that are planted. Sterilization was carried out at 90-1000C for 12 hours.
7. Inoculation (provision of seeds)Activity is put into the medium mushroom seeds of fungi have been sterilized. Baglog drained for 1 night after sterilization, and then we take the seeds and planted thereon by means tablespoon / scoop the seeds around + 3 tablespoons then tied up with rubber and covered with cotton.
Good seed are:
Inoculation chamber
Inoculation chamberIs
a room that serves to plant the growing media, this space should be
easy to clean, not a lot of ventilation to avoid contamination (presence
of other microbes).
c. Incubation chamberThis space serves to grow mushroom mycelium growing on the media that has been inoculated (Spawning). Conditions of the room is set at a temperature of 22-280C with 60-80% humidity. The room is furnished with bamboo shelves to put the planting medium in a plastic bag (baglog) that have been inoculated
d. Planting spaceUsed to grow the fruiting bodies of fungi. The room is also equipped with shelves and planting atomizer / fog. Carburetion functions to flush and set the temperature at optimal conditions16 = 220 ° C with a humidity of 80-90%
D. EQUIPMENTThe equipment used in the cultivation of mushrooms among others, mixer, hoes, shovels, filler, bottle, boiler, wheelbarrow, seeds spoon, ladle.
E. MATERIALSThe materials used in the cultivation of oyster mushroom is sawdust, rice bran (bran), limestone (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), maize (grain), glucose, plastic, rubber, cotton, plastic ring.
F. STAGES OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
1. Preparation of materialsMaterials to be prepared such as sawdust, rice bran, lime, gypsum, corn starch and glucose
2. EnrichmentSawdust from sawmills has obtained a level of uniformity is not good, this is resulting mycelial growth rate was uneven and less good. Overcoming it is then necessary sifted sawdust. Size sieve with sand sifter (ram chicken), enrichment should use a mask because in a lot of sawdust mixed with dust and sand.
c. Incubation chamberThis space serves to grow mushroom mycelium growing on the media that has been inoculated (Spawning). Conditions of the room is set at a temperature of 22-280C with 60-80% humidity. The room is furnished with bamboo shelves to put the planting medium in a plastic bag (baglog) that have been inoculated
d. Planting spaceUsed to grow the fruiting bodies of fungi. The room is also equipped with shelves and planting atomizer / fog. Carburetion functions to flush and set the temperature at optimal conditions16 = 220 ° C with a humidity of 80-90%
D. EQUIPMENTThe equipment used in the cultivation of mushrooms among others, mixer, hoes, shovels, filler, bottle, boiler, wheelbarrow, seeds spoon, ladle.
E. MATERIALSThe materials used in the cultivation of oyster mushroom is sawdust, rice bran (bran), limestone (CaCO3), gypsum (CaSO4), maize (grain), glucose, plastic, rubber, cotton, plastic ring.
F. STAGES OF OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
1. Preparation of materialsMaterials to be prepared such as sawdust, rice bran, lime, gypsum, corn starch and glucose
2. EnrichmentSawdust from sawmills has obtained a level of uniformity is not good, this is resulting mycelial growth rate was uneven and less good. Overcoming it is then necessary sifted sawdust. Size sieve with sand sifter (ram chicken), enrichment should use a mask because in a lot of sawdust mixed with dust and sand.
If the pH is too low or too
The acidity
If the pH is too low or too high then the oyster mushroom growth will be hampered. It may even grow other fungi that would interfere with the growth of the oyster mushroom itself.
The acidity or pH of the media should be regulated between pH 6-7 by using lime.
B. ENVIRONMENT - Herb Cultivation OysterEnvironmental factors that influence include:1. Temperature
Oyster mushrooms incubation temperature between 22-280C.
Fruiting body formation temperature between 16-220C
Temperature is too high will be dried mushrooms da dead
2. Humidity
Humidity between 60-80% when incubation
Currently 80-90% of fruit body formation
Humidity is too low then primordia (will mushroom) will dry up and die.
Setting the temperature and humidity in the room can be done by spraying water into the room.
3. Light
The intensity of light required at the time of growth of about 10% (enough to read a newspaper)
4. Air circulation
Air circulation should be enough, but not too big nor too small
C. PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES - Herb Cultivation Oyster1. BUILDING
a. Preparation roomPreparation room is a room that serves to conduct enrichment, mixing, pewadahan, and sterelisasi
If the pH is too low or too high then the oyster mushroom growth will be hampered. It may even grow other fungi that would interfere with the growth of the oyster mushroom itself.
The acidity or pH of the media should be regulated between pH 6-7 by using lime.
B. ENVIRONMENT - Herb Cultivation OysterEnvironmental factors that influence include:1. Temperature
Oyster mushrooms incubation temperature between 22-280C.
Fruiting body formation temperature between 16-220C
Temperature is too high will be dried mushrooms da dead
2. Humidity
Humidity between 60-80% when incubation
Currently 80-90% of fruit body formation
Humidity is too low then primordia (will mushroom) will dry up and die.
Setting the temperature and humidity in the room can be done by spraying water into the room.
3. Light
The intensity of light required at the time of growth of about 10% (enough to read a newspaper)
4. Air circulation
Air circulation should be enough, but not too big nor too small
C. PREPARATION OF PRODUCTION FACILITIES - Herb Cultivation Oyster1. BUILDING
a. Preparation roomPreparation room is a room that serves to conduct enrichment, mixing, pewadahan, and sterelisasi
OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION
OYSTER MUSHROOM CULTIVATION - oyster mushroom is one type of wood mushrooms. Usually people call sebahai mushroom oyster mushroom logs because these fungi grow on decaying wood media. Oyster mushrooms are one of the mushrooms are very good to eat and have a high nutrient content in comparison to other fungi.
In principle, oyster mushroom cultivation is to see that the condition of oyster mushrooms can grow well. It is necessary for adaptation to the substrate and environmental conditions in accordance with the growth of the wild habitat. Influential factor is the growing medium factors and environmental factors.
A. GROWING MEDIA - Herb Cultivation OysterMedia for growing oyster mushrooms should be made to resemble the conditions of oyster mushrooms grow in the wild1. Nutrition
Nutritional raw materials or ingredients should be added according to the needs of oyster mushrooms.
Example: a stick that is dry, straw, sawdust, wood powder and mix of straw, or reeds.
2. The water content
The water content of the media was adjusted to 50-65% by adding water so less water bersih.Bila
absorption of food is not optimal, so the mushrooms into thin.
When too much water will cause root rot.
In principle, oyster mushroom cultivation is to see that the condition of oyster mushrooms can grow well. It is necessary for adaptation to the substrate and environmental conditions in accordance with the growth of the wild habitat. Influential factor is the growing medium factors and environmental factors.
A. GROWING MEDIA - Herb Cultivation OysterMedia for growing oyster mushrooms should be made to resemble the conditions of oyster mushrooms grow in the wild1. Nutrition
Nutritional raw materials or ingredients should be added according to the needs of oyster mushrooms.
Example: a stick that is dry, straw, sawdust, wood powder and mix of straw, or reeds.
2. The water content
The water content of the media was adjusted to 50-65% by adding water so less water bersih.Bila
absorption of food is not optimal, so the mushrooms into thin.
When too much water will cause root rot.
study field of Natural Sciences
Characteristics of the study field of Natural Sciences
Natural Science is defined as knowledge gained through the experimental data collection, observation and deduction to produce an explanation of a phenomenon that can be trusted. There are three abilities in science, namely:
The ability to know what is observed,
The ability to predict what has not been observed, and the ability to test the follow-up results of the experiment,
Development of scientific attitude.
Science learning activities include the development of skills in asking questions, seeking answers, understand the answers, refining answers about "what", "why" and "how" of natural phenomena and the characteristics of the environment in ways that will be implemented in a systematic and technological environment . The event was known as the scientific activities that are based on the scientific method. The scientific method in the study of science itself has been introduced since the 16th century (Galileo Galilei and Francis Bacon) covering identify problems, formulate hypothesis, predict the consequences of the hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the predictions, and formulate general laws that are organized from simple hypothesis , prediction, and experimentation.
In learning science students are directed to compare the results with theoretical predictions learners through experiments using the scientific method. Science education in schools is expected to be a vehicle for students to learn about themselves and the natural surroundings, as well as prospects for further development in implementing them in everyday life, which is based on the scientific method. Natural Sciences Learning IPA emphasizes direct experience to develop competencies so that learners are able to understand the environment through a process of "figuring out" and "do", it will help students to gain a deeper understanding. Skills in finding out or doing it with a skill called the investigation or 'inquiry skills "which include observing, measuring, classifying, ask questions, formulate hypotheses, planning experiments to answer the question, classify, process, and analyze data, apply ideas to new situations , using simple equipment and communicate information in a variety of ways, with pictures, oral, written, and so on. Through the process of skill development that includes attitudes and values curiosity, honest, patient, open, not superstitious, critical, diligent, tenacious, meticulous, disciplined, caring for the environment, pay attention to safety, and cooperate with others.
Therefore, learning science in schools should:
Provide experience to students so that they competently perform measurements of various physical scale,
Instill in students the importance of empirical observations to test a scientific statement (hypothesis). This hypothesis can be derived from observations of everyday events that require scientific proof,
Quantitative thinking exercises that support math learning activities, ie as the application of mathematics to the real problems associated with natural events,
Introducing the world of technology through creative activities in the activities of designing and manufacturing simple tools and explanations of symptoms and the efficacy of IPA in response to a variety of problems.
Natural Science is defined as knowledge gained through the experimental data collection, observation and deduction to produce an explanation of a phenomenon that can be trusted. There are three abilities in science, namely:
The ability to know what is observed,
The ability to predict what has not been observed, and the ability to test the follow-up results of the experiment,
Development of scientific attitude.
Science learning activities include the development of skills in asking questions, seeking answers, understand the answers, refining answers about "what", "why" and "how" of natural phenomena and the characteristics of the environment in ways that will be implemented in a systematic and technological environment . The event was known as the scientific activities that are based on the scientific method. The scientific method in the study of science itself has been introduced since the 16th century (Galileo Galilei and Francis Bacon) covering identify problems, formulate hypothesis, predict the consequences of the hypothesis, conducting experiments to test the predictions, and formulate general laws that are organized from simple hypothesis , prediction, and experimentation.
In learning science students are directed to compare the results with theoretical predictions learners through experiments using the scientific method. Science education in schools is expected to be a vehicle for students to learn about themselves and the natural surroundings, as well as prospects for further development in implementing them in everyday life, which is based on the scientific method. Natural Sciences Learning IPA emphasizes direct experience to develop competencies so that learners are able to understand the environment through a process of "figuring out" and "do", it will help students to gain a deeper understanding. Skills in finding out or doing it with a skill called the investigation or 'inquiry skills "which include observing, measuring, classifying, ask questions, formulate hypotheses, planning experiments to answer the question, classify, process, and analyze data, apply ideas to new situations , using simple equipment and communicate information in a variety of ways, with pictures, oral, written, and so on. Through the process of skill development that includes attitudes and values curiosity, honest, patient, open, not superstitious, critical, diligent, tenacious, meticulous, disciplined, caring for the environment, pay attention to safety, and cooperate with others.
Therefore, learning science in schools should:
Provide experience to students so that they competently perform measurements of various physical scale,
Instill in students the importance of empirical observations to test a scientific statement (hypothesis). This hypothesis can be derived from observations of everyday events that require scientific proof,
Quantitative thinking exercises that support math learning activities, ie as the application of mathematics to the real problems associated with natural events,
Introducing the world of technology through creative activities in the activities of designing and manufacturing simple tools and explanations of symptoms and the efficacy of IPA in response to a variety of problems.
The 21st century is characterized
The
21st century is characterized by the rapid development of science and
technology in various aspects of life in the community, especially
information and communications technologies. Therefore,
the need of learning how to prepare students for science and technology
literate, able to think logically, critically, creatively, and can
argue correctly. In
fact, it is not a lot of students who love science fields of study,
because it is difficult, the limited ability of learners, or because
they are not interested in becoming scientists or technologists. Nevertheless, they remain hopeful that science learning in schools can be presented in an interesting, efficient, and effective.
Competence Standard and Basic Competence to be accomplished learners who poured in four aspects, namely, living things and life processes, materials and nature, energy and change, as well as the earth and the universe.
Indicators of achievement of competences developed by the school, adapted to the local environment, and the media as well as the learning environment at the school. All this is intended to allow teachers to be more active, creative, and make innovations in learning without leaving the content of the curriculum.
Through an integrated learning science, students are expected to build their knowledge by means of scientific work, work in groups, learn to interact and communicate, as well as being scientific.
Competence Standard and Basic Competence to be accomplished learners who poured in four aspects, namely, living things and life processes, materials and nature, energy and change, as well as the earth and the universe.
Indicators of achievement of competences developed by the school, adapted to the local environment, and the media as well as the learning environment at the school. All this is intended to allow teachers to be more active, creative, and make innovations in learning without leaving the content of the curriculum.
Through an integrated learning science, students are expected to build their knowledge by means of scientific work, work in groups, learn to interact and communicate, as well as being scientific.
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